General rules
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General rules
In phonology, a heavy or strong syllable is considered to be with a branching rhyme, i.e. one that has a long vowel or diphthong nucleus or a vowel followed by a coda. The typical patterns are VV, CVV, CV+C, CVCC, CVVCC & CVVC. On the other hand, a weak or light syllable is one with no branching rhyme, i.e. one that has a short vowel with or without a consonant following. The typical patterns are V, CV & CVC. For example, ‘rain’ (/rewn/) and ‘see’ (/si+/) are heavy syllable; the 1st syllable of ‘reduce’ (/rw.0dju+s/) and the 2nd syllable of ‘father’ (/0fY+.ðcr/) are weak ones.
a heavy syllable is usually the one that gets stressed in a multi-syllable word, never a weak one. Some heavy syllable is unstressed in a multi-syllable word. For example, in ‘dialect’, the 3rd syllable is not stressed.
im = secondary stress (so, I don't know if weak or strong)
po = weak syllable
lite = primary stress --> STRONG syllable
Stress in two syllable words
In two syllable words either the first or the second syllable will be stressed not the both.
1-verb:
a: If the second syllable of the verb is a strong then this second syllable will be stressed. For example apply, arrive, assist, attract.
b: If the final syllable is weak then first syllable is stressed. For example enter, envy, open, equal.
2-Adjectives:
Same rule will be applied for two syllable adjectives also. For example, lovely, divine, even, correct, hollow, alive. 3-Nouns:
Nouns require a different rule. If the second syllable contains a short vowel then stress will usually come on the first syllable otherwise it will be on the second syllable. For example money, design, product, larynx, balloon.
4-Adverbs and prepositions:
Adverbs and prepositions seem to behave like verbs and adjectives.
Three syllable words:
1-verbs:
a-In verbs if the final syllable is strong it will be stressed e.g. entertain, resurrect.
b-If the last syllable is weak then it will be unstressed and stress will be placed on the preceding syllable if that syllable is strong. For example encounter, determine.
C-If both the second and third syllables are weak then the stress falls on the initial syllable e.g. parody.
2-Nouns+3-Adjectives(same rules of stress)
a-If the final syllable is weak or ends with əu sound then it is unstressed.
b-If the syllable preceding this final syllable is strong then the middle syllable will be stressed, potato, disaster synopsis.
C-If the second and third syllables are both weak then the first syllable is stressed like quantity, emperor, cinema, custody.
Conclusion
English pronunciation depends on stress to a great deal. In order to become a powerful communicator of English we must learn all the rules of stress mentioned earlier. English is a language that borrowed words from 8000 languages of the world. All rules regarding the stress patterns of these languages are impossible to learn however if we learn some basic rules we can improve a lot. So learning of stress leads us to better communication.
a heavy syllable is usually the one that gets stressed in a multi-syllable word, never a weak one. Some heavy syllable is unstressed in a multi-syllable word. For example, in ‘dialect’, the 3rd syllable is not stressed.
im = secondary stress (so, I don't know if weak or strong)
po = weak syllable
lite = primary stress --> STRONG syllable
Stress in two syllable words
In two syllable words either the first or the second syllable will be stressed not the both.
1-verb:
a: If the second syllable of the verb is a strong then this second syllable will be stressed. For example apply, arrive, assist, attract.
b: If the final syllable is weak then first syllable is stressed. For example enter, envy, open, equal.
2-Adjectives:
Same rule will be applied for two syllable adjectives also. For example, lovely, divine, even, correct, hollow, alive. 3-Nouns:
Nouns require a different rule. If the second syllable contains a short vowel then stress will usually come on the first syllable otherwise it will be on the second syllable. For example money, design, product, larynx, balloon.
4-Adverbs and prepositions:
Adverbs and prepositions seem to behave like verbs and adjectives.
Three syllable words:
1-verbs:
a-In verbs if the final syllable is strong it will be stressed e.g. entertain, resurrect.
b-If the last syllable is weak then it will be unstressed and stress will be placed on the preceding syllable if that syllable is strong. For example encounter, determine.
C-If both the second and third syllables are weak then the stress falls on the initial syllable e.g. parody.
2-Nouns+3-Adjectives(same rules of stress)
a-If the final syllable is weak or ends with əu sound then it is unstressed.
b-If the syllable preceding this final syllable is strong then the middle syllable will be stressed, potato, disaster synopsis.
C-If the second and third syllables are both weak then the first syllable is stressed like quantity, emperor, cinema, custody.
Conclusion
English pronunciation depends on stress to a great deal. In order to become a powerful communicator of English we must learn all the rules of stress mentioned earlier. English is a language that borrowed words from 8000 languages of the world. All rules regarding the stress patterns of these languages are impossible to learn however if we learn some basic rules we can improve a lot. So learning of stress leads us to better communication.
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